https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47744 Wed 25 Jan 2023 15:49:54 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41817 Wed 24 May 2023 11:39:26 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:15861 Wed 11 Apr 2018 16:27:59 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26896 10bar) where the kinetic rate of NO oxidation to NO₂ increases less with pressure increase. Capture of NOₓ was increased from 55% to 75% by doubling the residence time in the compressor and could be further extended to 83% by increasing back end pressure from 24bar to 30bar. Lowering the temperature during compression produced the greatest NOₓ and Hg capture. Overall, the results indicate that capture of mercury during compression occurred as a consequence of high pressure, longer residence time and concentration of NO₂.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 15:32:06 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20825 Wed 11 Apr 2018 15:31:52 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30303 Wed 11 Apr 2018 13:37:32 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19400 tot), elemental (Hg⁰) and oxidized (Hg) mercury as well as SO₃ concentrations was obtained before and after the combustion rig's baghouse filter for in total 14 air and oxy-fuel experiments with 3 Australian coals. Based on this data, an assessment in respect to Hg oxidation, SO₂/SO₃ conversion and Hg and SO₃ capture on the test rig's filter was performed. The air and the oxy-fuel experiments with different extents of recycle gas cleaning, revealed differences in the Hg and SO₃ formation and capture behavior: the Hg/Hg^tot ratios in the flue gas are higher during oxy-fuel combustion compared to air-firing. This effect is even more pronounced at the filter outlet, after flue gas has passed through the filter ash. In some experiments, even a net oxidation of Hg⁰ entering the filter to Hg was observed. The Hg capture by ash in the baghouse filter has been found to reduce the Hg emissions considerably. However, the Hg capture was altered by the different oxy-fuel recycle configurations, leading to decreased Hg capture efficiencies on the filter for one of the coals. A coal-specific trend of increased SO₂/SO₃ conversion ratios with increased flue gas SO₂ levels was observed that could be related to the ash composition of the three different coals. This and the higher SO₂ concentrations in the flue gas lead to considerably higher SO₃ levels in oxy-fuel combustion with SO₂ recycling. During the experiments, also a considerable capture of SO₃ in the baghouse filter was observed (up to 80% under air- and up to 66% under oxy-fired conditions). A reduction of the SO₃ capture on the filter under oxy-fuel conditions may be related to the higher SO₃ levels in this process.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 13:19:47 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34543 Tue 26 Mar 2019 13:54:09 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34922 Tue 21 Mar 2023 16:12:47 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28693 Tue 16 Oct 2018 12:06:45 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37669 Tue 09 Mar 2021 18:12:52 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45165 Thu 27 Oct 2022 11:25:22 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32272 Thu 17 May 2018 13:51:27 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44061 KL,SO2>KL,CO2. The fluxes of SO2 predicted from three methods were further compared with the experimental values measured in SO2-NaOH system. The fluxes predicted from KL,SO2 agreed well with the experimental values, whereas those from KL,CO2 and KL,O2 were significantly lower or higher. Therefore, the liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient is preferably obtained from the targeted gas. Modelling on the flux of SO2 demonstrates the transition of controlling regions against pH. At pH above 4, the gas side resistance is larger than the liquid side, whereas at pH below 4, the gas side resistance is smaller than the liquid side.]]> Thu 06 Oct 2022 10:19:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:8809 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:39:39 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:9033 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:39:13 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:9028 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:39:13 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:9030 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:39:12 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:8849 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:39:00 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:8033 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:36:48 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:8047 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:35:05 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:8268 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:33:28 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:1935 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:33:21 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:1752 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:27:25 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:10234 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:13:09 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:12205 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:08:25 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:10910 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:07:41 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21701 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:06:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18075 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:06:13 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20823 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:05:54 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20831 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:05:53 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21460 –1 region of infrared (IR) spectra. The density of alkyl chains and cross-linking reactions affected the yield of tar. The aromaticity of char increased with an increasing pyrolysis temperature. The abundance of C═O and COOH structures decreased drastically with increasing temperature. A lower concentration of active sites on high-temperature chars resulted in lower combustion reactivity compared to low-temperature chars. The C–O and C═C groups decreased as the temperature increased possibly because of the aromatic condensation. The extent of aromatic substitution decreased up to 650 °C. At temperatures above 650 °C, the degree of aromaticity was strengthened and larger condensed aromatic nuclei were formed. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis revealed that high-temperature chars have significantly higher surface area compared to chars produced at low temperatures. However, the concentration of active sites was lower in high-temperature chars. Therefore, it can be concluded that diffusion was the main reaction mechanism in high-temperature chars.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:05:45 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18158 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:04:39 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:17445 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:04:15 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:17448 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:04:03 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:17446 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:04:02 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21484 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:03:36 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19447 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:02:17 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20408 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:00:51 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20478 tot), elemental (Hg⁰), and oxidized (Hg²⁺) mercury concentrations was measured for various air and oxy-fuel combustion conditions. These data enable an evaluation of process parameters that influence the Hg emissions of an oxy-fuel combustion process. A theoretical mass balance between Hg fed to the process (fuel and Hg⁰ injection) and Hg measured before the filter matched well, indicating that no mercury was captured by fly ash at high temperatures. The capture of Hg⁰ and oxidized Hg²⁺ by ash in a baghouse filter has been determined for all experiments. Measured Hg concentrations show an increase when switching from air to oxy-fuel operation for all investigated coals and oxy-fuel settings, even when no additional Hg⁰ is injected to the oxidant gas. Moreover, the Hg²⁺/Hg^tot ratios in the flue gas are higher during oxy-fuel combustion. The Hg capture by ash in the baghouse filter has been found to reduce the Hg emissions considerably. Reduction rates in a range between 18 and 51% for air and between 11 and 29% for oxy-fuel combustion were observed.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:59:08 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18927 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:59:00 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18925 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:59:00 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18926 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:59:00 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18928 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:58:59 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20359 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:58:13 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20358 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:58:07 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:17777 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:57:41 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:17712 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:57:33 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19107 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:55:59 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20980 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:54:20 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19704 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:53:49 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21329 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:52:47 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20154 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:51:35 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21348 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:51:29 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25939 vMax from 0.87 to 1.52) and maceral constituents (vitrinite from 48.2 to 76.5%) were dynamically investigated to explore the mechanism of coal coking linking to the synchronized physical and thermal changes. Volatile release during coal pyrolysis was monitored using a novel technique of dynamic elemental thermal analysis (DETA) that is able to differentiate tar and gas evolution in terms of carbon and hydrogen compositions. Condensed coal tars were characterized both chemically and thermally using the DETA and laser desorption ionization–time of flight–mass spectrometry (LDI–TOF–MS) techniques. Coal pyrolysis experiments were conducted at a heating rate of 5 °C/min from room temperature (25 °C) to 1000 °C with a top coal particle size of 212 μm, which kept the same experimental conditions as the physical and thermal measurements. The results indicated that, overall, the volatile evolution rates decreased with the coal rank but increased with the vitrinite content for the tested coals. This chemical observation between different coals is consistent with swelling and exothermic heat, except for medium-rank coal samples C and D from basin III that evolved a similar amount of gas and tar to the comparative rank coal sample E, but showed lower swelling and smaller exothermic heat than expected. A comparison of the hydrogen/carbon ratio (tar H/C) showed that the volatile tars evolved from the coals C, D, and G that originated from basin III contain more molecular hydrogen than that from the comparative rank coals. These volatile tars appeared to be like those from lower rank coals. Condensed tar analysis showed that volatile tars produced from all coals are in a high molecular weight distribution between 200 and 600 Da. Lower and medium-rank coals that gave higher swelling showed an elongated distribution toward a higher molecular weight, while medium-rank coals C and D from basin III and higher rank coals that gave lower swelling did not. The results implied that the molecular weight distribution and the H/C ratio in the volatile tar might affect its utilization for driving thermo-swelling.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:41:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25947 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:41:24 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26105 total and Hg⁰ with SOₓ removal. Total mercury emissions in oxy-firing measured a maximum of 6–7 μg/m³ of which 89% was in oxidised form (Hg²⁺). The use of low NOₓ burners had an overriding influence on the mercury measurements reducing the total mercury levels to 0.13 and 0.15 μg/m³ (air, oxy respectively) with no Hg²⁺ being measured. The SO₃ concentrations were also lower than expected, estimated at ∼0.5–0.8 ppm (based on a practical estimate of 1% conversion of SO₂). Overall mercury capture in either operating mode was estimated at 92–93% for the existing burners and 98–99% with the low NOₓ burners used (being 2 of the 4 burners operating). Total SOₓ captured from the flue gas was 16% in oxy-mode and 19% in air firing. These findings suggest that operational conditions have a primary impact on capture of Hg and SOₓ during transitions with a secondary impact of firing mode (i.e. air or oxy).]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:39:52 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29430 W 259 Da) than those produced from pyrolysing the extracts (peak M_W 333–347 Da) and common species were identified in all volatile samples. The results were discussed in relation to the existence of oligomeric structures previously found in petroleum pitches.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:39:18 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28002 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:38:40 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29061 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:37:15 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28659 Cu⁺ > Cu²⁺. Fe₃O₄ was believed to be the active phase in Fe catalyst. The oxygen and char-supported metal catalysts significantly promoted C/NO reaction, and therefore may lead to a lower operation temperature of NOₓ removal.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:37:12 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29707 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:33:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28929 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:31:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28934 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:31:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29503 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:29:45 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26964 5.5. The concentration of HCO₃⁻ increases dramatically above pH 6 and below this pH, the concentration of HCO₃⁻ is negligible. The absorption rate of SO₂ was found to increase with pH with some increase with the concentration of SO₂. The operational pH window for scrubbing may be defined by an upper limit pH where the absorption rate of SO₂ starts to decreases from the maximum absorption rate of SO₂ and the lower limit pH where the absorption rate of SO₂ reduces to half of the maximum absorption rate of SO₂. Both the upper limit and the lower limit decrease initially and stay stable with the concentration of SO₂. This decrease is caused by the reversible reaction of the hydrolysis of SO₂ and confirmed by equilibrium experiments of SO₂ and sodium solutions. Operation within region 2 (pH 5-6) is recommended, depending on the scrubber design. The operation exit pH of the produced liquid can be varied within the region. The absorption rates of SO₂ obtained in the steady state experiments were predicted by a model based on the instantaneous reaction assumption. This model generally overestimates the absorption rates of SO₂ at pH values below 6 indicating a kinetic limitation of SO₂ and water reaction at low pH values. The analysis on the controlling regions indicates that the gas side mass transfer resistance decreases with the concentration of SO₂. Liquid side resistance becomes more important at a lower pH and a higher concentration of SO₂.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:27:02 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26963 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:27:02 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26673 vMax from 0.8 to 1.6) from six different basins were employed to investigate the effect of coal maceral compositions and rank on thermo-swelling behavior. Coal pyrolysis experiments were conducted at a heating rate of 5 °C/min from room temperature (25 °C) to 1000 °C with a top coal particle size of 212 μm. Thermoplasticity of coal was evaluated on the basis of the change of permeability of coal pellets, plastic range, swelling factor (defined by maximum swelling %/vitrinite %), and heat of exothermic reactions during the primary devolatilization. The endothermic and exothermic processes were identified by the estimate of the apparent specific heat using the computer-aided thermal analysis (CATA) technique, while swelling and permeability of gas flowing through coal pellets were simultaneously investigated with extended volumetric measurement downstream and pressure sensor upstream, respectively. Volatile evolution profiles of heating coal samples with temperature were obtained using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Overall, the low-rank coals with high vitrinite contents showed larger exothermic heats, higher volatile evolution rates, and higher swelling factors than the high-rank coals with low vitrinite contents. These lower rank coals also initiated a decrease in permeability at lower temperatures, showed large plastic ranges, and resulted in a larger pore size of semi-coke. When we account for total fusible maceral (vitrinite plus fusible semi-inert) rather than vitrinite content alone, the trend of the swelling factor decreasing with the coal rank became clearer. However, it was found that coals from basin III showed a significantly lower swelling factor than the comparative rank coals and the heat of exothermic reactions showed a similar trend, despite these coals having a similar volatile evolution rate with the comparative rank coals. The reasons for this have been discussed on the basis of the thermoplasticity, which suggests that not only the rank and maceral compositions but also the origin and chemistry of the coal may affect thermoplasticity of coking coal.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:26:53 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26570 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:26:11 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26572 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:26:10 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26187 600 Da compounds are thermally sensitive. Compounds with molecular weights of <450 Da may be removed during coking, possibly as a vapor, resulting in a reduction in fluidity. There has been speculation that the thermally stable (acetone-soluble) material identified in both raw coal extract and those from thermally treated samples may be capable of undergoing a phase change to initiate plastic deformation.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:24:10 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27344 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:24:07 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23255 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:17:00 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23735 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:16:57 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22821 5.48. The oxidation rate of S(IV) drops by 44.5% at pH < 5.48. For the homogeneous oxidation, there are three regions of oxidation rate. In region 1 (i.e., pH > 5.6), the oxidation rate of S(IV) does not change with pH; in region 2 (i.e., 4.53 < pH < 5.6), the oxidation rate of S(IV) decreases dramatically with the decrease in pH. The oxidation rate of S(IV) at pH 4.53 is two magnitudes lower than the rate at the pH 5.6. In region 3 (i.e., pH < 4.53), the oxidation rate of S(IV) does not seem to change. The oxidation of S(IV) is presumably due to the oxidation of SO₃²⁻. Results have implications on the disposal of waste sodium solutions after absorption. The oxidation of S(IV) in discharged solutions results in a final pH of about 4 which may be neutralized to form Na₂SO₃ prior to disposal.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:16:10 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22525 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:15:41 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22742 x and Hg can also be removed as part of the liquid condensate. This work presents field tests conducted on the condensates to determine the stability of captured NO_x and Hg species when depressurised. These tests involved sampling liquid condensate directly into a customised aeration vessel and measuring the evolved gases over an 8–12 h period. The low-pressure condensate (∼4 bar) showed that 3–18% of captured NO_x species and 0.5–1.2% of the Hg were volatile, while the high-pressure condensate (24 bar) re-emitted 2–68% of captured NO_x and 0.05–12.5% of the captured Hg. These tests showed that volatile Hg was related to volatile NO_x and that this volatility of condensates changed with time as the compression plant operated from start-up. Equilibrium calculations of HNO₂ in the gas and liquid phases supported the volatility measurements, suggesting that the rate of oxidation of HNO₂ to HNO₃ in the condensed phase is slow. Overall, the conditions which favoured NO_x stability in the condensates, namely longer residence and higher pressure also favoured Hg stability. This work has shown that emissions from an oxy-fuel compression plant must include those emanating from depressurised condensates and suggest that the re-emitted species may not the same as in typical combustion flue gas, but the result of higher-pressure conversion.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:12:24 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48505 Mon 20 Mar 2023 15:50:18 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42821 Mon 05 Sep 2022 11:49:20 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27365 Fri 21 Apr 2017 11:04:06 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37049 Fri 07 Aug 2020 15:09:13 AEST ]]>